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Rules

no-direct-set-state-in-use-effect

Full Name in eslint-plugin-react-hooks-extra

react-hooks-extra/no-direct-set-state-in-use-effect

Full Name in @eslint-react/eslint-plugin

@eslint-react/hooks-extra/no-direct-set-state-in-use-effect

Presets

  • recommended
  • recommended-typescript
  • recommended-type-checked

Description

Disallow direct calls to the set function of useState in useEffect.

Directly setting state in useEffect can lead to:

  • Redundant state: You might be duplicating derived values that could be computed during render.
  • Unnecessary effects: Triggering re-renders that could be avoided.
  • Confusing logic: It can make component behavior harder to reason about.

What counts as a violation?

This is not allowed:

useEffect(() => {
  setFullName(firstName + " " + lastName);
}, [firstName, lastName]);

Instead, compute the value during render:

const fullName = firstName + " " + lastName;

What is allowed?

The rule does not flag indirect calls, such as:

  • Inside event handlers.
  • Inside async functions.
  • Inside setTimeout, setInterval, Promise.then, etc.

Known limitations

  • It doesn’t check set calls in useEffect cleanup functions.

    useEffect(() => {
  return () => {
    setFullName(firstName + " " + lastName); // ❌ Direct call
  };
}, [firstName, lastName]);

  • It doesn’t detect set calls in async functions are being called before the await statement.

    useEffect(() => {
  const fetchData = async () => {
    setFullName(data.name); // ❌ Direct call
  };
  fetchData();
}, []);

Examples

The first three cases are common valid use cases because they are not called the set function directly in useEffect:

Passing

import { useState, useEffect } from "react";

export default function Counter() {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(0);

  useEffect(() => {
    const handler = () => setCount((c) => c + 1);
    window.addEventListener("click", handler);
    return () => window.removeEventListener("click", handler);
  }, []);

  return <h1>{count}</h1>;
}

Passing

import { useState, useEffect } from "react";

export default function Counter() {
  const [count, setCount] = useState(0);

  useEffect(() => {
    const intervalId = setInterval(() => {
      setCount((c) => c + 1);
    }, 1000);
    return () => clearInterval(intervalId);
  }, []);

  return <h1>{count}</h1>;
}

Passing

import { useState, useEffect } from "react";

export default function RemoteContent() {
  const [content, setContent] = useState("");

  useEffect(() => {
    let discarded = false;
    fetch("https://eslint-react.xyz/content")
      .then((resp) => resp.text())
      .then((text) => {
        if (discarded) return;
        setContent(text);
      });
    return () => {
      discarded = true;
    };
  }, []);

  return <h1>{count}</h1>;
}

The following examples are derived from the React documentation:

Failing

import { useEffect, useState } from "react";

function Form() {
  const [firstName, setFirstName] = useState("Taylor");
  const [lastName, setLastName] = useState("Swift");

  // 🔴 Avoid: redundant state and unnecessary Effect
  const [fullName, setFullName] = useState("");
  useEffect(() => {
    setFullName(firstName + " " + lastName);
  }, [firstName, lastName]);
  // ...
}

Passing

import { useState } from "react";

function Form() {
  const [firstName, setFirstName] = useState("Taylor");
  const [lastName, setLastName] = useState("Swift");
  // ✅ Good: calculated during rendering
  const fullName = firstName + " " + lastName;
  // ...
}

Failing

import { useEffect, useState } from "react";

function TodoList({ todos, filter }) {
  const [newTodo, setNewTodo] = useState("");

  // 🔴 Avoid: redundant state and unnecessary Effect
  const [visibleTodos, setVisibleTodos] = useState([]);
  useEffect(() => {
    setVisibleTodos(getFilteredTodos(todos, filter));
  }, [todos, filter]);

  // ...
}

Passing

import { useMemo, useState } from "react";

function TodoList({ todos, filter }) {
  const [newTodo, setNewTodo] = useState("");
  // ✅ Does not re-run getFilteredTodos() unless todos or filter change
  const visibleTodos = useMemo(
    () => getFilteredTodos(todos, filter),
    [todos, filter],
  );
  // ...
}

Failing

import { useEffect, useState } from "react";

export default function ProfilePage({ userId }) {
  const [comment, setComment] = useState("");

  // 🔴 Avoid: Resetting state on prop change in an Effect
  useEffect(() => {
    setComment("");
  }, [userId]);
  // ...
}

Passing

import { useState } from "react";

export default function ProfilePage({ userId }) {
  return <Profile userId={userId} key={userId} />;
}

function Profile({ userId }) {
  // ✅ This and any other state below will reset on key change automatically
  const [comment, setComment] = useState("");
  // ...
}

Failing

import { useEffect, useState } from "react";

function List({ items }) {
  const [isReverse, setIsReverse] = useState(false);
  const [selection, setSelection] = useState(null);

  // 🔴 Avoid: Adjusting state on prop change in an Effect
  useEffect(() => {
    setSelection(null);
  }, [items]);
  // ...
}

Passing

import { useState } from "react";

function List({ items }) {
  const [isReverse, setIsReverse] = useState(false);
  const [selection, setSelection] = useState(null);

  // Better: Adjust the state while rendering
  const [prevItems, setPrevItems] = useState(items);
  if (items !== prevItems) {
    setPrevItems(items);
    setSelection(null);
  }
  // ...
}
import { useState } from "react";

function List({ items }) {
  const [isReverse, setIsReverse] = useState(false);
  const [selectedId, setSelectedId] = useState(null);
  // ✅ Best: Calculate everything during rendering
  const selection = items.find((item) => item.id === selectedId) ?? null;
  // ...
}

Implementation

Further Reading

See Also

no-leaked-timeout

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